不同颜色诱虫板对芒果园蓟马的田间诱集效果

文章编号：1008-0384（2019）07-818-06

Abstract：【Objective】Thrips have become the main pests in mango trees. It is of great significance to use color sticky cards to monitor and control thrips in mango orchard， which can provide scientific basis for the control technology of thrips.【Method】The wavelength of reflection of color sticky cards was measured with spectrophotometric colorimeter， and the trapping effect of 10 different color sticky cards and the differences of hanging heights and hanging directions of color cards were compared.【Result】The results indicated that thrips in mango orchard significantly preferred blue color （466 nm），and the tapping effect was higher than other color trap cards， with an average amount of 154.6 head per card， follow by yellow （544 nm） and white （400 nm）， with an average amount of 85.0 head per card and 51.8 head per card， respectively. There were also significant differences in the attraction effect with different hanging heights to thrips. The amount of thrips attracted by the trap cards with a height of 2 m was the largest （677.27 head per card）， which was significantly higher than other treatments. However， the effect of different hanging directions on the attraction of thrips was not significant.【Conclusion】The blue card has the strongest trapping effect to mango thrips， and the hanging height is suggested to be 2 m.

Key words：colors sticky cards; mango orchard; thrips; hanging heights; hanging directions; trapping effects

0 引言

【研究意義】芒果Mangifera indica为漆树科Anacardiaceae的热带水果，在我国海南、广西、云南、福建等南方各省广泛种植[1]。危害芒果树主要害虫有叶蝉类、毒蛾类、金龟子类、介壳虫类、芒果横线尾夜蛾等，而近几年蓟马已上升为芒果主要害虫之一[2-3]。蓟马体型小、繁殖快，其主要危害芒果的幼叶、幼果、花絮，大量发生时会造成花朵脱落，被蓟马为害后的果实表面有锈状斑点，严重影响芒果品质[4-5]。同时，蓟马作为传毒昆虫，为害后还会引发多种病害[6]，严重影响芒果的生产。

【前人研究进展】色板诱控是利用害虫对特定波长的放射光的趋性，以实现对其防治的无公害防治方法，其特点是操作方便，无毒、无污染。20世纪80年代中期开始，英、美等发达国家已经开始利用诱虫板防治小型害虫[7-8]。在国内，色板对不同农业害虫的引诱作用具有一定的差异[9]，黄色诱虫板对蚜虫、黄曲条跳甲等蔬菜害虫有不同程度的引诱力[10]，黄色诱虫板对小麦蚜虫如麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜有较好的诱集效果[11-12]，陈瀚等[13]发现绿色色板对绿盲蝽诱集效果比较稳定。【本研究切入点】利用蓟马类害虫对颜色的趋向性对其种群密度的监测已有大量研究和报道[14-16]，而诱虫板对芒果蓟马的引诱研究还鲜有报道。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究测定了诱虫板反射波长和芒果蓟马类害虫对不同波长的颜色黏虫板的嗜好性，比较了诱虫板悬挂高度和悬挂方向对芒果蓟马的诱集效果，以期为诱虫板的生产提供科学依据，并为芒果生产中蓟马类害虫的预测预报和绿色防控供技术参考。