CHARTING,A,COURSE,FOR,SUCCESS：,AMERICA’S,STRATEGY,FOR,STEM,EDUCATION（Ⅰ）

【译题】制定成功之路：美国STEM教育战略（一）

Product of the COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCATION of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

美国国家科学技术委员会STEM教育委员会

Executive Summary

Since the founding of the Nation， science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） have been a source of inspirational discoveries and transformative technological advances， helping the United States develop the world’s most competitive economy and preserving peace through strength. The pace of innovation is accelerating globally， and with it the competition for scientific and technical talent. Now more than ever the innovation capacity of the United States—and its prosperity and security—depends on an effective and inclusive STEM education ecosystem. Individual success in the 21st century economy is also increasingly dependent on STEM literacy； simply to function as an informed consumer and citizen in a world of increasingly sophisticated technology requires the ability to use digital devices and STEM skills such as evidence-based reasoning.

The character of STEM education itself has been evolving from a set of overlapping disciplines into a more integrated and interdisciplinary approach to learning and skill development. This new approach includes the teaching of academic concepts through real-world applications and combines formal and informal learning in schools， the community， and the workplace. It seeks to impart skills such as critical thinking and problem solving along with soft skills such as cooperation and adaptability.

Accordingly， this report sets out a Federal strategy for the next five years based on a Vision for a future where all Americans will have lifelong access to high-quality STEM education and the United States will be the global leader in STEM literacy， innovation， and employment. It represents an urgent call to action for a nationwide collaboration with learners， families， educators， communities， and employers—a “North Star” for the STEM community as it collectively charts a course for the Nation’s success.

This vision will be achieved by pursuing three aspirational goals.

摘要

自美國建国以来，科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）一直是鼓舞人心的发现和革命性技术进步的源泉，帮助美国发展世界上最具竞争力的经济，并通过实力维护和平。全球创新步伐加快，科技人才的竞争也随之加剧。如今，美国的创新能力及其繁荣和安全比以往任何时候都更加依赖于有效和包容的科技教育生态系统。个人在21世纪经济中的成功也越来越依赖于科技创新素养。在一个技术日益复杂的世界里，要想成为一个具有知情权的消费者和公民，就需要具备使用数字设备的能力，以及基于证据的推理等STEM技能。

STEM教育本身的特点已经从一套重叠的学科发展成为一种更加综合、跨学科的学习和技能发展方法。这种新方法包括通过现实世界的应用来教授学术概念，并结合了学校、社区和工作场所的正式和非正式学习。它旨在传授批判性思维和解决问题等技能，以及合作和适应能力等软技能。

因此，这份报告提出了未来五年的联邦战略，其基础是对未来的展望，即所有美国人都将终身接受高质量的科技教育，美国将成为科技教育、创新和就业领域的全球领导者。这是一个紧急的行动呼吁，要求与学习者、家庭、教育者、社区和雇主开展全国性的合作——这便是STEM社区的“北极星”计划，它共同规划了国家成功的道路。

这一愿景也将通过三个雄心勃勃的目标来实现。（如右表）